The grass really is greener near ?
Yes, if you call around Switzerland and the topic on the table is that of waste management: the Swiss Confederation has developed a consolidated tariff system PAYT (Pay as you throw , or Pay as throw) that has generated, from the years 1992/1993, a decrease in the production of garbage by 15 percent compared with an increase of population of 3.9 percent.
tens of kilometers further south, in Milan , The second capital of Italy, almost everything has been stopped but the system TARSU (tax on municipal solid waste), which requires using as one parameter for calculating the area of \u200b\u200bresidential or business premises where they may have originally waste. Although with the Ronchi Decree, 1997, Italy has also welcomed an EU directive aimed at replacing the TARSU from January 1, 1999 with the rate of environmental hygiene (TIA, subdivided into fixed and variable, or point it, the more accurate but complex, or presumptive, more imperfect), in order to charge users for exactly what use the service despite a thousand and two hundred municipalities, including Florence and Rome, and almost one third those of Lombard, have accepted the new tariff in time, Milan still looks a little concerned.
Yet the virtuous circle set in motion by the application of specific tariffs, Lunches, is debatable, at least for the nearby Swiss : "The percentage of recycled waste, particularly glass, aluminum, paper, metal and some packaging Plastic - confirmation Stefan Schwager office of the Environment section of the Swiss municipal waste and construction - has grown considerably following the introduction of the system of casual fare. " But most of all: the PAYT system has led to empowerment of citizens on the recycling front and the rise of pressure on suppliers to the same minimization of packaging and disposable products. In Switzerland, for example, toothpaste today are sold without boxes.
It 's the law of the critical consumption. "Trade - added Schwager - changed packaging and containers on the one hand because people left in the shops boxes and extra packaging and, second, he began to use plastic reusable containers for distribution to shops in fruits, vegetables, milk, etc., which can be used for so many laps making logistical element of green marketing. " Virtuous cycle, which find examples in other countries and cities of the continent.
Even the regulation specifies that the Milanese TARSU amount that each user must pay depends on how the AMSA (local environmental services company) spent on waste collection and disposal, but the information on this point is totally absent: it does nothing to explain to the citizens. And so was frustrated this opportunity to create a virtuous circle. Milan daily production of two thousand tons of garbage , Lombardy, in a year, about five million tonnes - a billion-euro business about - a third of which is incinerated.
With the move to pricing would be possible to recover at least half a million tonnes of municipal waste, which would not only not having to build new incinerators, but could even resign even some of those now active . And 'in fact, even the Swiss experience to provide numbers: it was found that, when one introduces the rate on the lot, the amount of waste destined for incineration decreases, on average, thirty percent. Col safe placet popular : Eighty-eight percent of respondents living in municipalities where the tax is applied PAYT - data are derived from a study commissioned by the Swiss Conference of Directors of Public Works, Planning and the Environment (DTAP) - believes that the principle of fair and reasonable costs judge eighty-seven percent. ( written in collaboration with Claudio Scotti )